Summary – Chapter 2 : Encoding Schemes and Number System

Text Interpretation and Encoding in Computer Systems:

• Keyboard keys are mapped to ASCII codes, then converted to binary for computer understanding.
• Encoding schemes like ASCII, ISCII, and UNICODE standardize character representation.
• UNICODE provides unique numbers for characters across different systems.

Number Systems in Computing:

• Various number systems (decimal, binary, octal, hexadecimal) are used for representing numbers.
• Each system has a base value and a set of unique characters.
• Positional notation is used, where the value of each symbol depends on its position within the number.

Conversion between Number Systems:

• Conversion from decimal to binary, octal, and hexadecimal involves dividing by the base value and recording remainders.
• Conversion from binary, octal, and hexadecimal to decimal involves positional notation and multiplication.

Conversion from Binary to Octal/Hexadecimal and Vice-Versa:

• Binary numbers can be converted to octal or hexadecimal by grouping bits and replacing each group with its equivalent digit or symbol.
• Octal and hexadecimal numbers can be converted to binary by substituting each digit or symbol with its binary equivalent.

Conversion of a Number with Fractional Part:

• Decimal numbers with fractional parts can be converted to other number systems by repeatedly multiplying the fractional part by the base value.
• Non-decimal numbers with fractional parts can be converted to decimal by computing positional values.
• Fractional binary numbers can be converted to octal or hexadecimal by grouping bits and substituting them with equivalent digits or symbols.