Golden Key Points :Chapter7-Structural Organisation In Animals

Golden Key Points

Morphology:
- Smooth, slippery skin maintained in moist condition.
- Olive green dorsal side with dark spots; pale yellow ventral side.
- No neck or tail; pair of nostrils, bulged eyes with nictitating membrane.
- Membranous tympanum on each side of eyes.
- Forelimbs and hind limbs aid in swimming, walking, leaping, and burrowing.
- Sexual dimorphism: Males have vocal sacs and copulatory pads on forelimbs.
Anatomy:
- Body cavity accommodates digestive, circulatory, respiratory, nervous, excretory, and reproductive systems.
- Digestive system: Short alimentary canal, bile and pancreatic juice aid in digestion, nutrients absorbed in intestine.
- Respiratory system: Cutaneous respiration in water, pulmonary respiration on land.
- Circulatory system: Closed vascular system, heart pumps blood to tissues.
- Excretory system: Kidneys filter blood, urea excreted via cloaca.
- Nervous system: Central and peripheral components, endocrine glands secrete hormones.
- Reproductive system: Male and female organs for spermatogenesis and oogenesis.
- Ecological importance: Frogs eat insects, contribute to ecosystem balance, and may be consumed as food.
Frogs:
- Can live in land and freshwater; belong to class Amphibia.
- Body temperature varies with environment; exhibit mimicry and aestivation/hibernation.
- Skin is smooth, slippery, and moist; absorbs water, respires in water and on land.
- Body divisible into head and trunk; no neck or tail.
- Eyes protected by nictitating membrane; tympanum on each side for sound reception.
- Forelimbs and hind limbs aid in various movements; hind limbs larger and muscular.
- Sexual dimorphism: Males have vocal sacs and copulatory pads on forelimbs.