Long Answer-Class 10 – Social Science -Geography-Chapter 4 Agriculture

 Class-10-Long Answer-Geography-4- Agriculture

Q1. Compare intensive subsistence farming with that of commercial farming practiced in India.

Ans :a. In the 1980s and 1990s, a comprehensive land development programme was initiated, which included both institutional and technical reforms.

b. Provision for crop insurance against drought, flood, cyclone, fire and disease establishment of Grameen banks for providing loan facilities to the farmers at lower rates of interest were some important steps in this direction.

c. Kissan Credit Card (KCC), personal accident  insurance scheme are some other schemes introduced by the government of India for the benefit of the farmers.

d. Special weather bulletins and agricultural programmes for farmers were introduced on the radio and television.

e. The government also announces minimum support price, remunerative and procurement prices for important crops to check the exploitation of farmers by speculators and middlemen.

Q2. What are the climatic conditions required for the growth of rice?

Ans : Climatic conditions required for the growth of rice:

a. It is a Kharif crop which requires high temperature (above 25°C).

b. High humidity with annual rainfall above 100 cm.

c. In the areas of less rainfall, it grows with the help of irrigation.

d. It is grown in the plains of north and north-easten India, coastal areas and the deltaic regions.

e. Development of dense network of canal irrigation and tubewells have made it possible to grow rice in areas of less rainfall such as Punjab and Haryana.

Q3. Describe any five steps taken by the government of India to increase the productivity of agriculture in India.

Ans : 1. Land reforms: Collectivisation, consolidation of holdings, cooperation and abolition of zamindari.

2. Agricultural reforms: Green revolution and White revolution.

3. Land development programmes: Provision for crop insurance against drought, flood, cyclone, etc, establishment of Grameen banks, Cooperative societies and banks for providing loans.

4. Issuing of Kissan Credit Card and Personal Accident Insurance Scheme, etc.

5. Special weather bulletins and agricultural programmes for farmers on radio and TV.

6. Government announces Minimum Support Price (MSP) and remunerative and procurement prices to check exploitation.

Q4. What are the soil type, climatic conditions and rainfall conditions required for the cultivation of tea? Write two states of India where tea grows.

Ans :  a. Tea: Grows well in tropical and sub¬tropical climates.

b. Soil type: Deep and fertile, well-drained soil, rich in humus and organic matters.

c. Climate: Warm and moist, frost-free climate throughout the year.

d. Rainfall: Frequent showers throughout the year.

e. Two states: Assam, West Bengal, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Andhra Pradesh, Meghalaya and Tripura.

Q5. Explain Rubber cultivation in India under the following heads:

a. Importance

b. Geographical conditions

c. Producing states.

 Ans : a. Importance: Many industries depend upon rubber as their raw material especially transport industry.

b. Geographical conditions:

         (i) It is an equatorial crop, but under special conditions it is also grown in tropical and sub tropical areas.

         (ii) It requires moist and humid climate with rainfall of more than 200 cm and temperature above 25°C. c. Rubber producing states are Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Garo hills of Meghalaya.

Q6. Why has Indian agriculture started a decline in the trend of food production? How can we overcome this problem?

 Ans : Indian agriculture started a decline in the trend of food production because:

a. More and more land is used for construction of factories, warehouses and shelters have reduced the land under cultivation.

b. Soil gets degraded by the use of pesticides, fertilizers, over-irrigation, etc. which leads to water logging and salinity.

 Remedial Measures:

a. Use of agricultural techniques which are environmentally sustainable.

b. Use of biotechnology in modifying different crops and increase the yield per hectare. It reduces dependence on insecticides and also require less water.