Long answer – Class 10 – Social Science -Geography-Chapter 6 Manufacturing Industries

Long answer – Class 10 – Social Science -Geography-Chapter 6 Manufacturing Industries

Q1. Distinguish between large scale and small scale industries. Give two examples each

Ans : Large Scale Industries:

a. Manufacture large quantities of finished goods.

b. The quantity of raw material and capital investment is large

c. Example: Iron and steel industry, cotton textile industry. Small Scale Industries:

a. Manufacture small goods.

b. No huge quantity of raw material or capital is required.

c. Example: Garment industry, soap making industry.

Q2. How do industries pollute water? Suggest any two measures to control water pollution.

Ans : Most important are the industrial effluents that are discharged into rivers. They are both organic and inorganic. Coal, dyes, pesticides, fertilisers, plastic are some common pollutants of water. Industrial wastes containing toxic metals pollute the water. Suggestions to control water pollution:

a. Water should be reused and recycled to maximise its usage.

b. Rainwater should be harvested to meet water requirements.

c. Hot water and effluents should be treated before releasing in river and ponds.

d. Overdrawing of groundwater reserves by industry where there is a threat to ground water resources also need to be regulated legally.

Q3. Explain any five measures to control industrial pollution in India. 

Ans : Five ways to reduce industrial pollution are listed below:

a. Restructuring the manufacturing processes to reduce or eliminate pollutants, through a process called pollution prevention.

b. Creating cooling ponds, which are man-made and are designed to cool the heated waters from industries by evaporation, condensation and radiation.

c. Filtration of sewage in water treatment plants attached to industries. d. Instructing industries to be set-up far from residential areas.

e. Backing the constitutional provisions by a number of laws-acts, rules, and notifications.

Q4. How does industry pollute the environment? Explain with three examples.

Ans : Industries are responsible for three types of pollution i.e.

a. Air pollution is caused by the presence of high proportion of undesirable gases, such as sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide. Smoke is emitted by chemical and paper factories, brick kilns, refineries and smelting plants, and burning of fossil fuels in big and small factories.

b. Water pollution is caused by organic and inorganic industrial wastes and effluents discharged into rivers. The main culprits in this regard are paper, pulp, chemical, textile and dyeing, petroleum refineries and electroplating industries that let out dyes, detergents, acids, salts and heavy metals like lead and mercury, pesticides, fertilisers, synthetic chemicals with carbon, plastics and rubber, etc., into the water bodies.

c. Noise pollution is due to industrial and construction activities. Machinery, factory equipment, generators, saws and pneumatic and electric drills cause hearing problems and irritation.

Q5. What is manufacturing sector? Describe four types of manufacturing sector on the basis of ownership.

Ans :  Production of goods in large quantities after processing from raw materials to more valuable products is called manufacturing. Four types of manufacturing sector on the basis of ownership are:

a. Public sector owned by Govt, agencies. For example, BHEL, SAIL, etc,

b. Private sector owned by individuals or a group of individuals. For example, TISCO, Bajaj Auto Ltd, Dabur Industries, etc.

c. Joint sector jointly owned by the state and individuals. For example, Oil India Ltd, etc.

d. Cooperative sector is owned by and operated by the producers or suppliers of raw materials, workers or both.

For example Amul, Mother Dairy, OMFED, sugar industry and coir industry, etc.

Q6.Explain the pro-active approach adopted by the National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) for preserving the natural environment and resources.

 Ans :   The pro-active approach adopted by the National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) for preserving the natural environment:

a. Optimum utilisation of equipment, adopting latest techniques and upgrading existing equipment.

b. Minimising waste generation by maximising ash utilisation.

c. Green belts for nurturing ecological balance and addressing the question of special purpose vehicles for afforestation.

d. Reducing environmental pollution through ash pond management, ash water recycling system and liquid waste management.

e. Ecological monitoring, reviews and online database management for all its power stations.