Game Setup :Project 4 : Catch the same color ball

Initialization and Setup:

• Pygame is initialized using pygame.init(), setting up the game environment.
• Constants are defined for screen dimensions (WIDTH and HEIGHT), frames per second (FPS), and colors (BLACK and WHITE).
• The COLORS list contains a range of colors that will be randomly assigned to game elements.
• The game window is created with the specified dimensions using pygame.display.set_mode().

Player Class:

• The Player class represents the player-controlled character in the game.
• In its __init__ method, the player’s attributes such as color, image, position, and score are initialized.
• The update method handles player movement using keyboard inputs (left and right arrow keys).
• The player’s color changes randomly over time with a 1% chance in the update method.

Falling Ball Class:

• The Ball class represents the falling balls in the game.
• Its __init__ method initializes a ball with a specified color, position, and random speed.
• The update method moves the ball downwards and respawns it at the top if it goes off-screen.

Game Setup and State Management:

• Fonts of different sizes are defined for rendering text on the screen.
• The start_screen() function displays the start screen with instructions to press space to play.
• The end_screen(player_wins) function displays an end screen indicating whether the player won or lost.

Game Loop and Logic:

• The main game loop runs continuously, handling events, updating game state, and rendering screens.
• The game loop checks for events such as quitting the game or starting a new game.
• In the game loop, the game state is managed, including the start screen, active gameplay, and end screen.
• Collisions between the player and falling balls are detected, updating the player’s score and ending the game if necessary.

Screen Rendering and Display:

• Screens are filled with the background color (BLACK) and text is rendered using the defined fonts.
• Sprites (player and falling balls) are drawn onto the screen.
• The player’s score is displayed at the top left corner of the screen.

Exiting the Game:

• The game loop continues until the player closes the window or quits the game.
• Pygame is quit using pygame.quit() when the game loop exits.